Zomwe Mumafunako Kudziwa Zokhudza DOF (Kuzama kwa Munda)

Nditatumiza sabata yatha ndikuwonetsa zithunzi za momwe angayang'anire, ndidapeza ndemanga yabwino kuchokera kwa m'modzi mwa owerenga anga. Adavomera kuti akulembereni nonsenu pa Depth of Field yomwe inali njira yanzeru kwambiri pofotokozera. Zikomo Brendan Byrne chifukwa chofotokozera chodabwitsa ichi.

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Jodi anali wokoma mtima mondifunsa kuti ndilembe mawu ochepa za DOF kapena kuzama kwa gawo. Ndikuyembekeza kufotokoza izi m'njira yosavuta kumva popanda kugwiritsa ntchito masamu openga kapena kubwerera ku chaputala chokhudza Optics m'buku langa la sayansi ya koleji. Pali zambiri zambiri pa intaneti za DOF, ndilemba maulalo ena kumasamba osangalatsa.

Chonde dziwani, sindine katswiri wojambula, fizikisi, kapena masamu, chifukwa chake ndalemba zomwe ndikukhulupirira kuti ndizolondola, kutengera zaka 25 zakujambula. Ngati wina ali ndi ndemanga, mafunso, kapena kudzudzula, chonde nditumizireni imelo. Apa palibe chilichonse:

Nthawi zambiri ndimayang'ana zithunzi zanga zomwe ndazitaya kuti ndidziwe momwe ndidaziphunzitsira. Ngati vutoli likuphatikiza kuti nkhaniyo sinali yokwanira, limakhala limodzi mwamavuto anayi. Munkhaniyi tikhala tikuganizira chinthu chomaliza.

1. Kamera kugwedeza - Kumwa Starbucks kwambiri m'mawa wamawombera & manja okalamba nthawi zina kumapangitsa kamera yanga kugwedezeka pakuwonekera. Izi zimatha kuwonedwa nthawi yayitali. Lamulo lamphamvu la chala chachikulu ndikuti dzanja lomwe limasanjika liyenera kukhala ndi liwiro la shutter kuposa 1 / focal mtunda. Mwachitsanzo, pamagalasi anga a 55mm, ndibwino kuti ndikuwombera mwachangu kuposa 1/60 sekondi. Njira zothetsera mavuto: Kugwiritsa ntchito mandala a IS (image stabilization), kugwiritsa ntchito liwiro la shutter mwachangu, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito katatu kumathandizira kupewa zovuta za kamera.

1. Kusuntha mutu - Izi zimakhala zovuta kuwongolera, makamaka nthawi yayitali. Mayankho omwe angakhalepo: Kugwiritsa ntchito liwiro lothamanga kwambiri. Popeza padzakhala nthawi yocheperako kuti mutuwo usunthire, sipadzakhalanso mwayi wosokoneza. Kugwiritsa ntchito kung'anima kumathandizanso kuziziritsa kuyenda. Ndipo zowonadi, mutha kumauza wophunzirayo kuti akhale chete (Zabwino zonse ndi ameneyo.)

1. Maselo osavomerezeka. - Nthawi zambiri ndakhala ndikumva kuti ngati muyenera kusankha pakati pa ziwirizi, ndibwino kuyika magalasi abwino m'malo mochita kamera. Ngakhale ndimakonda kukhala ndi mandala a L a Canon yanga, ndimayesetsa kugula mandala abwino momwe ndingathere.

1. DOF - Kuzama kwa munda ndi dera lozungulira mfundo yomwe ikuyang'aniridwa. Mwachidziwitso, cholinga chenicheni chimatheka pamfundo imodzi yokha kuchokera mandala. Mfundoyi imatha kuwerengedwa masamu kutengera zinthu zingapo. Mwamwayi, kwa ife anthu, maso athu sali ovuta kwenikweni, m'malo mwake, pali malo osiyanasiyana kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa malo omwe akuwoneka kuti ndi ovomerezeka. Tiyeni tiwone izi pafupi.

Chonde dziwani kuti kukula kwa dera lovomerezeka silabwino kapena koipa. Mwanjira ina, DOF yayikulu siyabwino kwenikweni. Zonse zimatengera zomwe mukuyang'ana. Ojambula adzagwiritsa ntchito DOF kuti iwathandize ndipo itha kusinthidwa pazifukwa zaluso.

Mwachitsanzo, kujambula zithunzi nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito DOF yocheperako kuti iike chidwi chake pamutuwo kwinaku ikuwombera kuwombera kwina konse.

Pakuwombera malo, mbali inayo, wojambula zithunzi angafune kuti chithunzicho chikhale ndi DOF yayikulu. Izi zipangitsa kuti dera lalikulu liziwoneka, kuyambira kutsogolo mpaka kumbuyo.

Mwa njira, ndawerenga kwinakwake, kuti anthu mwachilengedwe amakopeka ndi zithunzi ndi DOF yosaya, chifukwa ndizofanana kwambiri ndi momwe maso athu amawonera zinthu mwachilengedwe. Maso athu amagwira ntchito kwambiri ngati mandala a kamera. Ndi masomphenya athu, sitikuwona zinthu momveka bwino kuchokera kufupi mpaka mpaka pakuwoneka pang'ono, koma m'malo mwake maso athu amasintha kuti ayang'ane pamitunda yosiyanasiyana.

Chithunzi choyamba ndi chitsanzo ndi DOF yosaya kwambiri. Ndidaombera ma tulips awa pafupifupi 3mm kutalika kwa 40mm f / 2.8 pa 1/160 sekondi. Mutha kuwona tulip yakutsogolo ikuwonekera (mochuluka kapena pang'ono), pomwe kumbuyo, makamaka, tulip yakumbuyo idasokonekera. Chifukwa chake ngakhale kuti tulip yakumbuyo imangokhala mainchesi 4 kapena 5 okha kuchokera kutulip yakutsogolo, tulip yakumbuyo siyotsogola kovomerezeka.

Chithunzi cha bwalo lachi Roma ndichitsanzo cha DOF yozama kwambiri. Idawomberedwa kuchokera pamtunda wa mamita 500 pa 33mm f / 18 pa 1/160 sekondi. Mukuwombera uku, zinthu zikuyang'ana kuchokera kutsogolo kupita kumbuyo.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani magawo ovomerezekawa adachitika momwe adachitiramu? Tiwunika zomwe zidakhudza DOF pazithunzizi.

DOF imakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo. Tsopano, sindikupatsani njira yowerengera DOF chifukwa ipangitsa kuti nkhaniyi ikhale yovuta kwambiri. Ngati wina akufuna chidwi ndi izi, chonde nditumizireni imelo ndipo nditha kukutumizirani. Mwa njira, pali tsamba lalikulu pomwe mutha kuwerengera zomwe DOF yapatsidwa. http://www.dofmaster.com/dofjs.html

Chifukwa chake m'malo mongoyang'ana masamu kumbuyo kwa zonsezi, ndiyang'ana kwambiri zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti DOF isinthe ndikuwonetsani momwe mungasinthire kuti mugwiritse ntchito DOF yanu.

Pali zinthu zinayi zikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhudza kukula kwa malo ovomerezeka: Ali:

• Kutalika Kwambiri - The focal atakhala mandala anu. Mwanjira ina, momwe mwatsata mutu wa mutu womwe muli, mwachitsanzo, 20mm pa mandala a 17-55mm.
• Kutalikirana ndi Nkhaniyo - Ndizitali motani pamutu womwe mukufuna kuwunika.
• Kukula kwa kabowo - (f / stop) (Kukula kwa kutsegula kwa shutter) - Mwachitsanzo, f / 2.8
• Mzere Wosokonezeka - imakhala mogwirizana ndi dzina lake chifukwa ndichinthu chovuta kwambiri komanso chosokoneza chomwe chili chosiyana ndi makamera onse. Patsamba lomwe tatchulali mutha kusankha kamera yanu, ndipo ilowa m'malo oyenera osokonezeka. Sitiyang'ana izi chifukwa simungasinthe pokhapokha mutagwiritsa ntchito kamera ina.

Chifukwa chake, tikambirana zitatu zoyambirira, chifukwa zinthu izi nthawi zambiri timatha kuzilamulira.

Kutalika kwamtsogolo - Umu ndi momwe mwatsatsira mutu womwe muli. DOF imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi izi. Zimagwira motere, mukamayandikira kwambiri, DOF yanu idzakhala yochepa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati nkhani yanu ili ndi mapazi 20, ndipo mumagwiritsa ntchito mandala ozungulira ngati 28mm, dera lomwe lili lovomerezeka likuwonekera kwambiri kuposa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zojambulira pa 135mm. Pogwiritsa ntchito tsamba lomwe tatchulali, mwachitsanzo, pa 28mm, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amayambira 14 mapazi mpaka 34 mapazi, pomwe ndikayang'ana mpaka 135mm, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino amayambira 19.7 mapazi mpaka 20.4 mapazi. Zitsanzo zonsezi, zili pa f / 2.8 pa Canon 40D yanga. Pa 28mm, chiwonetsero chonse chovomerezeka ndi pafupifupi 20 mapazi, pomwe pa 135mm, mulingo wovomerezeka ndi wochepera phazi limodzi. Ndikosavuta kuyika chidwi chake pamtunda wautali wa 28mm kuposa kutalika kwa 135mm.

Kutalikirana ndi Nkhaniyo - Umu ndi momwe mandala anu aliri pafupi ndi mutu womwe mukufuna kuwunika. DOF imagwira ntchito motere zikafika patali ndi phunzirolo. Mukamayandikira kwambiri nkhaniyi, DOF idzakhala yosaya. Mwachitsanzo, pa 40D yanga pa f / 2.8 pogwiritsa ntchito mandala a 55mm, ngati mutuwo uli pamtunda wa 10 mita, mtundu wovomerezeka umachokera ku 9.5 mapazi mpaka 10.6 mapazi. Ngati phunziroli lili pamtunda wa 100, mulingo wovomerezeka ndi kuyambira 65 mpaka 218 mapazi. Uku ndiko kusiyana kwakukulu, pamapazi 10; malo oyang'ana kwambiri ali pafupi phazi limodzi, pomwe pamapazi 1, mawonekedwe ake amakhala opitilira 100 mapazi. Apanso, kuyang'ana kumakhala kosavuta, pomwe nkhani yanu ili kutali.

Kukula kwa kabowo - Chomaliza chomaliza m'manja mwathu ndikukula kwa kabowo kapena f-stop. Pofuna kusokoneza zinthu pang'ono, kukula kwakanthawi kwa f-stop (monga f / 1.4) kumatanthauza kuti malo anu ndi otseguka, ndipo nambala yayikulu f-stop (ngati f / 16) ikutanthauza kuti malo anu ndi ochepa kwambiri. Momwe DOF imakhudzidwira ndi kabowo ndi iyi. Chiwerengero chaching'ono cha f-stop (chomwe chimatanthauza kuti kabowo katsegulidwa kwambiri) chili ndi DOF yosaya kuposa nambala yayikulu f-stop (pomwe kabowo kakang'ono) Mwachitsanzo, pazithunzi zanga zazikulu zokhala ndi 300mm, ngati f-stop yakhazikitsidwa mpaka 2.8, ndipo ndikuwombera pamutu wa 100 mita, mulingo wovomerezeka umayambira 98 mapazi mpaka 102 feet, koma ngati ndigwiritsa ntchito yaying'ono f-stop ya 16, ndiye kuti zabwino zimachokera 91 mpaka 111 mapazi. Chifukwa chake, ndi mandala otseguka, mawonekedwe oyenera ali pafupifupi 4 mapazi, koma ndi kabowo kakang'ono (lalikulu f-stop), mawonekedwe abwino amakhala pafupifupi 20 mapazi. Apanso, kuyang'ana kumakhala kosavuta, pomwe f-stop ndi yayikulu (kutsegula ndikochepa).

Tsopano popeza tapenda mfundo zazikulu zitatu zomwe zakhudza DOF, tiyeni tiwone zitsanzo zanga ziwiri zam'mbuyomu, ndipo tiwone chifukwa chake ndapeza zotsatira zomwe ndidachita.

Pachithunzi choyamba chokhala ndi ma tulips, zinthu zitatu zofunika kuwombera zinali: Chithunzi chojambulidwa pa 40mm, pamiyendo itatu, pogwiritsa ntchito f / 3 kutsegula. Pogwiritsa ntchito makina owerengera, malo ovomerezeka ovomerezeka amayambira 2.9 mpaka 3.08 mapazi. Izi ndizokwanira masentimita 18 kapena pafupifupi mainchesi awiri. Mtunda kuchokera kutsogolo kupita kumbuyo kwamakalata anali pafupifupi mainchesi 4 kapena 5, chifukwa chake tulip yakumbuyo siyotchuka ndipo chifukwa chake, imasokonekera kwambiri.

Pachithunzi chachiwiri ku Roma, zinthu zitatu zazikuluzikulu zinali: Chithunzi chojambulidwa pa 33mm, chomangidwa pafupifupi 500 mapazi, pogwiritsa ntchito f / 18 kutsegula. Pogwiritsa ntchito makina ojambulira, malo ovomerezeka ovomerezeka amathamanga kuchokera pa 10.3 feet kupita ku Infinity. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, chithunzi chonse chikuwoneka bwino. Chifukwa chake ngakhale mwezi utakhala pachithunzi changa, ukanakhalanso wowongoka.

Ndiye kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani kwa inu? Kodi tiyenera kungowombera mitu yakutali ndi magalasi opingasa pama f-stop akulu? Zachidziwikire ayi, tikufuna kuti titha kupanga zithunzi pogwiritsa ntchito DOF m'njira yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino mawonekedwe omwe tikufuna. Tiyenera kukumbukira zomwe zimakhudza DOF, ndikuphunzira momwe tingazigwiritsire ntchito kukwaniritsa cholinga chathu.

Kufotokozera mwachidule:

Pomwe Kutalika kwa Nkhani Kumakulirakulira (mutu umapita kutali), DOF imakulirakulira

Kutalika Kwakuwonjezeka Kukuwonjezereka (tikayang'ana mkati), DOF imachepa

Kukula Kowonjezera Kukuwonjezeka (f stop number ikuchepa), DOF imachepa

Zabwino zonse & Kuwombera kosangalala!

Brendan Byrne

Flickr: http://www.flickr.com/photos/byrnephotos/

Email: [imelo ndiotetezedwa]

Masamba Othandiza:

http://www.dofmaster.com/dofjs.html

http://www.johnhendry.com/gadget/dof.php

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_of_field