Zvese Zvawakamboda Kuziva nezve DOF (Kudzika kweMunda)

Pandakatumira svondo rapfuura ndichiratidza mafoto ekuti maziso aite sei, ndakawana yakanakisa kutaura kubva kune mumwe wevaverengi vangu. Akabvuma kunyora posvo yenyu mese paDepth yeMunda yaive tad yehunyanzvi nzira yangu yekuona yekutsanangura. Ndatenda Brendan Byrne nekuda kweiyi tsananguro inoshamisa.

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Jodi aive nemutsa zvakakwana kundikumbira kuti ndinyore mashoma mazwi nezve DOF kana kudzika kwemunda. Ndinovimba kuburitsa ruzivo urwu nenzira iri nyore kunzwisiswa ndisingashandisi kumathematics anopenga kana kudzokera kuchitsauko nezve optics mubhuku rangu rekoreji yefizikisi. Pane ruzivo rwakanyanya paInternet nezve DOF, ini ndinotumira mamwe marinki kune anonakidza masaiti.

Ndokumbirawo kuti murambe muchifunga, ini handisi nyanzvi yekutora mifananidzo, fizikisi, kana nyanzvi yemasvomhu, saka ndanyora zvandinotenda kuti ndizvo chaizvo, zvichibva pamakore makumi maviri nemashanu emamateur mafoto. Kana paine chero munhu ane zvataurwa, mibvunzo, kana kushoropodzwa, ndapota email. Pano hapana chinoenda:

Ini ndinowanzo tarisa pamifananidzo yangu yakaraswa kuti ndione kuti ndakazvimonera sei. Kana dambudziko racho raisanganisira nyaya yacho isina kupinza zvakakwana, inowanzova rimwe rematambudziko mana. Muchikamu chino tichave tichitarisa pane chekupedzisira chinhu.

1. Camera zunza - Kunwa zvakanyanya Starbucks mangwanani ekupfura nemaoko ekukwegura dzimwe nguva kunokonzeresa kamera yangu panguva yekuratidzwa. Izvi zvinowanzoonekwa mukati mekuratidzwa kwenguva refu. Mutemo wakashata wechigunwe ndechekuti ruoko rwakabata kuburitswa rinofanirwa kunge riine shutter kumhanya nekukurumidza kupfuura 1 / nzvimbo yakatarisa. Semuenzaniso, pane yangu 55mm lens, zvirinani kuti ndipfure pamashutter kumhanya nekukurumidza kupfuura 1/60 yechipiri. Mhinduro dzinogoneka: Kushandisa IS (mufananidzo kudzikamisa) lens, kushandisa kumhanya kwekuvhara, kana kushandisa katatu kunobatsira kudzivirira kamera kuzunungusa nyaya.

1. Kufambisa chidzidzo - Izvi zvinogona kuve zvakaoma kudzora, kunyanya panguva yekuratidzwa kwenguva refu. Mhinduro dzinogoneka: Uchimhanya nekukurumidza shutter kumhanya. Sezvo pachave nenguva shoma yekuti chidzidzo chifambe, pachave nemukana mushoma wekukanganisa. Kushandisa mwenje kunogona kubatsirawo kufambisa kufamba. Uye zvechokwadi, iwe unogona kugara uchiudza iyo nyaya kuti irambe yakanyarara (Rombo rakanaka neuyo.)

1. Yakashata yemhando lens. - Ndakagara ndanzwa kuti kana uchifanira kusarudza pakati pezviviri, zvirinani kuisa mari mugirazi remhando yepamusoro pane kuita mumuviri kamera. Kunyange ini ndaida kuve neL kirasi lenzi yeCanon yangu, ini ndinoedza kutenga seyakanaka lens sezvandinokwanisa.

1. DOF - Kudzika kwemunda inzvimbo yakatenderedza poindi iri mukutarisa. Mune dzidziso, iyo chaiyo inotarisisa inogoneka mune imwechete poindi imwe kubva kune lens. Iyi poindi inogona kuverengerwa masvomhu zvichienderana nezvinhu zvinoverengeka. Neraki, kwatiri isu vanhu, maziso edu haanyatsoita fussy, saka pachinzvimbo, pane nzvimbo nharaunda kumberi uye kuseri kwenzvimbo yekutarisisa iyo inoonekwa seyakagamuchirwa. Ngatitarisei izvi padyo.

Ndokumbirawo urambe uchifunga kuti saizi yenzvimbo yekutenderwa kutarisisa haisi yakanaka kana yakaipa chinhu. Mune mamwe mazwi, hombe DOF hachisi chinhu chakanaka. Izvo zvese zvinoenderana nezvauri kutsvaga. Vafotori vanoshandisa DOF mukubatsira kwavo uye inogona kushandisirwa zvikonzero zvehunyanzvi.

Semuenzaniso, mifananidzo yekupfura kazhinji inoshandisa yakadzika kwazvo DOF kuisa tarisiro pachidzidzo uku uchikanganisa iyo yese pfuti.

Mukushongedza kwepasi, kune rumwe rutivi, mutori wemifananidzo angangoda kuti pikicha ive neDOF hombe. Izvi zvinobvumidza nzvimbo hombe kuti ive mukutarisa, kubva kumberi kusvika kumashure.

Nenzira, ini ndakaverenga kumwe kunhu, kuti vanhu vanokwezvwa nemifananidzo kune isina kudzika DOF, nekuti yakafanana chaizvo nenzira iyo maziso edu zvakasikwa achiona zvinhu. Maziso edu anoshanda zvakanyanya kunge lensera yekamera. Nemaonero edu, hatiwone zvinhu zvakajeka kubva padhuze nekusvika mukusingaperi mukutarisa kumwe chete, asi panzvimbo pacho maziso edu anochinja kuti atarise pamatanho akasiyana ehurefu.

Mufananidzo wekutanga muenzaniso une yakadzika kwazvo DOF. Ini ndakapfura matips aya kubva pamamita matatu kubva pa3mm f / 40 pa2.8/1 wechipiri. Iwe unogona kuona iyo yekumberi tulip iri mukutarisa (zvakanyanya kana zvishoma), nepo iri kumashure, zvakanyanya kucherechedzwa, iyo yekumberi tulip yakasviba. Saka zvisinei nekuti iyo tulip yekumashure inongova 4 kana 5 inches chete kubva kumberi tulip, iyo yekumberi tulip iri kunze kwenzvimbo inogamuchirwa yekutarisa.

Mufananidzo weforamu yeRoma muenzaniso weakadzama DOF. Yakapfurwa kubva pamamita mazana mashanu kubva pa500mm f / 33 pa18/1 wechipiri. Mupfuti iyi, zvinhu zviri mukutarisa kubva kumberi kusvika kumashure.

Nei izvi zvinotaridzika zvinotaridzika zvakaitika nenzira yavakaita mumifananidzo iyi? Tichaongorora izvo zvakakanganisa iyo DOF mumifananidzo iyi.

DOF inobatwa nezvakawanda zvinhu. Zvino, ini handisi kuzokupa iyo fomula kuti uverenge iyo DOF nekuti ichaita kuti chinyorwa ichi chiome zvisina basa. Kana paine munhu anofarira mafomula, ndapota email me uye ndinogona kukutumira. Nenzira, kune yakakura webhusaiti kwaunogona kuverenga kuti yakapihwa DOF chii. http://www.dofmaster.com/dofjs.html

Saka pachinzvimbo chekutarisa masvomhu kumashure kwezvose, ini ndiri kuenda kuzotarisa pazvinhu zvinoita kuti DOF ichinje uye ndikuratidze maitiro aunga shandura kushandisa DOF yako.

Pane zvinhu zvina zvakakosha zvinokanganisa kukura kwehurefu hwenzvimbo inogamuchirwa yakatariswa. Vari:

• Focal Length - Iyo yakatarisa yekuisa pane yako lens. Mune mamwe mazwi, kunyatso zoomed mune chidzidzo iwe uri, semuenzaniso, 20mm pane 17-55mm lens.
• Kure kune Chidzidzo - Zviri kure zvakadii nenyaya yaunoda kutarisa.
• Makobvu Makuru - (f / mira) (Saizi yekuvhura shutter) - Semuenzaniso, f / 2.8
• Denderedzwa reKukanganiswa - inorarama zvinoenderana nezita rayo nekuti chinhu chakaomarara nekuvhiringidza chakasiyana pamakamera ese. Pane webhusaiti yataurwa pamusoro apa unogona kusarudza kamera yako, uye inopinda denderedzwa rakakodzera rekuvhiringidzika. Hatizotarise izvi nekuti haugone kuzvishandura kunze kwekunge uchishandisa imwe kamera.

Saka, isu tichaisa pfungwa pane matatu ekutanga, nekuti izvi zvinhu zvinowanzo kuve mukati mekutonga kwedu.

Focal urefu - Aya ndiwo maitiro akaswededzwa muchidzidzo chauri. DOF inokanganiswa zvakanyanya neizvi. Inoshanda seinotevera, paunonyanya kuswededzwa mukati, isina kudzika DOF yako ichave. Semuenzaniso, kana nyaya yako iri tsoka makumi maviri nenzira, uye iwe ukashandisa lens yakakura yakaita se20mm, iyo nzvimbo iri munzvimbo inogamuchirwa yekutarisisa yakakura kwazvo kupfuura kana iwe ukashandisa zoom lens pa 28mm. Uchishandisa iyo webhusaiti yataurwa pamusoro, yemuenzaniso uyu, pa28mm, iyo inogamuchirwa renji yekutarisa inomhanya kubva pamamita gumi nemana kusvika pamakumi matatu nemana tsoka, nepo kana ndikaswededza kusvika 14mm, iyo inogamuchirwa renji yekutarisa inomhanya kubva pa34 tsoka kusvika 135 tsoka. Iyi mienzaniso miviri, iri pa f / 2.8 pane yangu Canon 40D. Pa28mm, iyo yakazara inogamuchirwa yakatarisa yakatarwa ingangoita tsoka makumi maviri, nepo iri 20mm, renji inogamuchirwa iri pasi pe135 tsoka. Izvo zviri nyore kwazvo kuti utarise kwakaringana pahupamhi hwekutarisa hwe28mm pane pane iyo zoomed pakureba kwe135mm.

Kure kune Chidzidzo - Uku ndiko kuswedera kwe lens yako kune iyo nyaya yaunoda mukutarisa. DOF inoshanda seinotevera kana tasvika padanho rechinhu. Kana iwe uri padyo padyo nenyaya, iyo isina kudzika iyo DOF ichave. Semuenzaniso, pane yangu 40D pa f / 2.8 uchishandisa 55mm lens, kana iyo nyaya iri gumi tsoka kure, iyo inogamuchirwa renji inotangira kubva 10 tsoka kusvika 9.5 tsoka. Kana iyo nyaya iri 100 tsoka kure, iyo inogamuchirwa renji iri kubva 65 kusvika 218 tsoka. Uyu mutsauko wakakura, pamamita gumi; iyo yakatarwa nzvimbo renji ingangoita 10 tsoka, nepo pamamita zana, iyo yakatarisa renji iri pamusoro pe1 tsoka. Zvekare zvakare, kutarisisa kuri nyore, kana nyaya yako iri kure.

Makobvu Makuru - Chinhu chekupedzisira mukati medu kudzora saizi yekuzarura kana f-kumira. Kuti zvinhu zvinyanye kuvhiringidza, diki f-yekumira saizi (senge f / 1.4) zvinoreva kuti kuzarura kwako kwakavhurika, uye hombe f-mira nhamba (sa f / 16) zvinoreva kuti kuzarura kwako kudiki kwazvo. Nzira iyo DOF inokanganiswa nekuvhura inotevera. Iyo diki f-yekumira nhamba (zvinoreva kuti aperture yakavhurwa yakafara) ine isina kudzika DOF pane hombe f-mira nhamba (uko aperture iri diki). Semuenzaniso, pane yangu yakakura zoom lens yakaiswa pa300mm, kana iyo f-mira yakaiswa kuna 2.8, uye ini ndiri kupfura pane chidzidzo 100 tsoka kure, iyo inogamuchirwa renji inomhanya kubva pa 98 tsoka kusvika ku 102 tsoka, asi kana ini ndikashandisa diki f-yekumira yegumi neshanu, ipapo yakanaka nhanho inoenda kubva pa16 kusvika pamusoro pe91 tsoka. Nekudaro, iine lens yakavhurika yakafara, iyo inogamuchirwa inotarisisa nzvimbo ingangoita tsoka ina, asi neiyo diki yekuzarura (hombe f-mira), iyo yakanaka renji ingangoita makumi maviri tsoka. Zvekare, kutarisisa kuri nyore, kana iyo f-stop iri hombe (aperture ishoma).

Zvino zvataongorora zvinhu zvikuru zvitatu mukukanganisa DOF, ngatitarisei mienzaniso yangu miviri yakapfuura yemifananidzo, uye ngatione kuti nei ndakawana mhedzisiro yandakaita.

Mumufananidzo wekutanga uine tulips, zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha mupfuti zvaive: Mufananidzo wakapfurwa pa40mm, wakatarisana nemamita matatu, uchishandisa f / 3 kuzarura. Uchishandisa karukureta, iyo inogamuchirwa yakatarisa nzvimbo renji inomhanya kubva pa2.9 kusvika 3.08 tsoka. Iyi huwandu hwakazara hwemamirimita gumi nemasere kana anenge maviri masendimita. Daro kubva kumberi kusvika kumashure tulips raive rinosvika 4 kana 5 inches, saka nekudaro tulip yekumashure iri kunze kwenzvimbo inogamuchirwa uye nekudaro, yakanyanyisa.

Mumufananidzo wechipiri muRome, zvinhu zvikuru zvitatu zvaive: Mufananidzo wakapfurwa pa33mm, zvichitenderedzwa nemamita mazana mashanu, uchishandisa f / 500 aperture. Uchishandisa karukureta, inogamuchirwa yakatarisa renji inomhanya kubva pamamita gumi kuenda kuInfinity. Ndokusaka, iyo pikicha iri mukutarisa kwakapinza. Saka kunyangwe dai mwedzi waive mumufananidzo wangu, unenge wakapinza zvakare.

Saka izvi zvinorevei kwauri? Tinofanirwa here kungopfura zvidzidzo zviri kure nema lenzi akapamhama pane makuru f-anomira? Zviripachena kwete, isu tinoda kukwanisa kunyora mafoto tichishandisa DOF nenzira inoshanda zvakanyanya pakuonekwa kwatiri kuyedza. Isu tinofanirwa kugara tichifunga zvinokanganisa DOF, uye dzidza maitiro ekuishandisa zvakanyanya kuzadzisa chinangwa chedu.

Kutaura muchidimbu:

Kana Kureba Kwechikamu Kuwedzera (chidzidzo chinowedzera kuenda kure), DOF inowedzera

Kana Focal Kureba Kunowedzera (patinoswededza mukati), DOF inoderera

Kana saizi yekuwedzera ichiwedzera (f mira nhamba inowana iri diki), DOF inoderera

Rombo Rakanaka & Kufara kupfura!

Brendan Byrne

Flickr: http://www.flickr.com/photos/byrnephotos/

Email: [email inodzivirirwa]

Inobatsira Sites:

http://www.dofmaster.com/dofjs.html

http://www.johnhendry.com/gadget/dof.php

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_of_field