Isikhokelo somfoti sokuqonda iimbali zembali

Umboniso wezandla: bangaphi kuni ngoku abasebenzisa i-histogram ukulungisa ngokukhawuleza isicwangciso sakho sokudubula ngexesha leseshoni? Ukuba ucinga "i-hist-o-Intoni, ”Yile iposti yebhlog yakho! Icacisa iziseko malunga ne-histogram kwaye iphendula le mibuzo ilandelayo:

• Yintoni i-histogram?
• Ndiyifunda njani i-histogram?
• Ijongeka njani i-histogram echanekileyo?
• Kutheni le nto kufuneka ndisebenzise i-histogram?

Yintoni i-histogram?

I-histogram yigrafu onokuyijonga ngasemva kwi-SLR yakho yedijithali. Yigrafu ejongeka ngathi luhlu lweentaba.

Ndixolele ngelixa ndigqobhoza i-techno-mumbo-jumbo okomzuzwana apha: i-histogram ikubonisa ixabiso lokuqaqamba kwazo zonke iipikseli emfanekisweni wakho.

Ndiyazi… ndiyazi. Isivakalisi sokugqibela asizicacisi izinto, akunjalo?

Makhe ndiyichaze ngenye indlela: cinga ukuba uthathe yonke ipikseli kumfanekiso wakho wedijithali kwaye wayilungiselela ukuba ibe yimfumba, uwahlula ngokobumnyama okanye ukukhanya kwabo. Zonke iipikseli ezimnyama ngokwenene ziya kungena kwimfumba enye, iipikseli zakho ezingwevu eziphakathi ziya kungena kwenye imfumba, kwaye iipikseli zakho ezikhanyayo ngokwenyani ziya kungena kwenye imfumba. Ukuba uneepekseli ezininzi kumfanekiso wakho ezingumbala ofanayo, imfumba iya kuba nkulu ngokwenene.

Igrafu ekhangeleka njengoluhlu lweentaba ngasemva kwekhamera yakho — esiza kuthi ngoku siyijonga njenge iprogram-Ukubonisa ezo mfumba zeepekseli. Ngokujonga i-histogram, unokukhawuleza ukhethe ukuba ifoto oyithathileyo kukuchazwa ngokuchanekileyo. Funda ukuze ufunde ukuba njani.

Ndiyifunda njani i-histogram?

Ukuba kukho incopho enkulu kwicala lasekhohlo le-histogram-okanye ukuba yonke ibotshelelwe kwicala lasekhohlo legridi- oko kuthetha ukuba unemfumba enkulu yeepikseli ezimnyama. Ngamanye amagama, umfanekiso wakho unokuba njalo engachazwanga. Ukuba i-histogram yomfanekiso wakho ijongeka njengesampulu elandelayo, unokufuna ukwandisa isibane sokukhanya esibetha isivamvo sakho ngokucothisa isantya se-shutter, vula ukuvula kwakho, okanye zombini:

Ukuba kukho incopho enkulu kwicala lasekunene le-histogram-okanye ukuba yonke ibotshelelwe kwicala lasekunene le-grid-oko kuthetha ukuba unemfumba enkulu ngokwenene yeepikseli ezimhlophe okanye ezikhanyayo. Uqikelele ukuba: umfanekiso wakho unokuba kunjalo iveze kakhulu. Ukuba i-histogram yomfanekiso wakho ijongeka njengesampulu elandelayo, unokufuna ukunciphisa inani lokukhanya elibetha inzwa yakho ngokukhawulezisa isantya se-shutter, ukumisa ukuvula kwakho, okanye zombini:

Ukuba iimfumba zeepekseli zisasazeke kakuhle kwigridi iphela ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene, kwaye ukuba azidityaniswanga nakweyiphi na indawo, umfanekiso wakho kukuvezwa okuchanekileyo.

Ijongeka njani i-histogram?

Akukho nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-histogram "echanekileyo". Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, igrafu ikubonisa ukuqaqamba kwamaxabiso azo zonke iipikseli kumfanekiso wakho. Ke ngelixa benditshilo ngaphambili inqwaba yeepikseli ezimnyama kungenzeka bonisa umfanekiso ongachazwanga, yona akwenzi rhoqo bonisa umfanekiso ongachazwanga. Makhe siqwalasele umzekelo wobomi bokwenene. Cinga ukuba uthathe umfanekiso womntu ophethe ukuqaqamba.

 

I-histogram yomfanekiso odlulileyo ibonakala ngathi:

Uninzi lweepikseli ezikulo mfanekiso zimnyama, oko kuthetha ukuba i-histogram ibonisa incopho kwicala lasekhohlo le-histogram. Imfumba enkulu yeephikseli ezimnyama? Uyabheja. Ayichazwanga? Ayisiyiyo imbonakalo oyifunayo yalo mfanekiso. Ukusikelwa umda okufanayo usebenzisa i-histogram zinokwenzeka ngemini eqaqambileyo, ngakumbi ngemeko enjengekhephu.

 

Kutheni le nto kufuneka ndisebenzise i-histogram?

Abanye benu basenokucinga, “Kutheni le nto kufuneka ndizikhathaze nge-histogram? Andinakuyixela nje liliso le-LCD ngasemva kwescreen ukuba ndibonakalisiwe ngokuchanekileyo? ” Ewe, ngamanye amaxesha iimeko zakho zokudubula azilunganga. Ukukhanya okukhanyayo okanye ukukhanya okufipheleyo kuya kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukubona umbono we-thumbnail ngasemva. Kwaye-mhlawumbi le ndim nje-kodwa ngaba wakhe wajonga umfanekiso ngasemva kwekhamera yakho kwaye wacinga ukuba uwubethelele, kodwa emva koko uyayilayisha kwaye ayikhangeleki ishushu kakhulu kwisuphavayiza enkulu?

Hayi? Ndim nje lowo? Kulungile… ukudlulela emva koko.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, unako lungisa ukuvezwa kwesoftware yokuhlela imifanekiso, enje ngeFotohop okanye ii-Elements. Kodwa ngaba akubangcono ukufaka umfanekiso ngokuchanekileyo kwikhamera? Ukuthabatha i-histogram yomfanekiso wakho ngelixa udubula kunokukunceda ufumanise ukuba unalo na igumbi lokubonisa umfanekiso wakho ngelixa udubula.

 

Kuthekani ngokunqunyulwa kunye nokuqaqanjelwa kwezinto eziphambili?

Hayi, eli candelo lilandelayo alikho malunga neenwele; yi nangoku malunga ne-histogram. Thembisa.

Abanye benu banokuba neseti yekhamera ukuze i-LCD ikukhanyisele ikulumkise ukuba uziveze ngokupheleleyo iimbalasane zakho. Ukuba uneli phawu kwikhamera yakho, andithandabuzi ukuba ubuncinci ngexesha elinye ebomini bakho ujonge ngasemva kwikhamera yakho kwaye wabona ukuba isibhakabhaka emfanekisweni owawusandul 'ukudubula sikukhanyisa kakubi.

Kutheni isenza loo nto?!

Ikhamera yakho inokufaka kuphela iinkcukacha ngaphakathi kuluhlu oluthile lobumnyama ukuya kwiithowuni ezikhanyayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba inxenye yomfanekiso wakho inethoni engaphandle koluhlu olunokubanjwa yikhamera yakho, isivamvo asiyi kuba nakho ukufaka iinkcukacha kuloo nxalenye yomfanekiso. Ukuqhwanyaza kuzama ukukuxelela, "Hayi, jonga! Indawo ekhanyisa ngokukhawuleza kwiLCD yakho ayizukufumana zinkcukacha kuyo!"

Ukuba wakhe wawuthatha umfanekiso kwaye isibhakabhaka siqhwanyaza ngokungalawulekiyo kuwe, kungenxa yokuba loo ndawo yomfanekiso wakho ichazwe kakhulu kangangokuba inzwa iyenze njengebhlokhi enkulu yeepikseli ezimhlophe eziqinileyo. Ngokwamagama obuchwephesha, oku kuthetha ukuba amanqaku aphambili "acandiwe" okanye "avuthuziwe." Ngokwenyani, oko kuthetha ukuba nokuba wenza ntoni kwisoftware yokuhlela imifanekiso, njengeFotohop, ngekhe uphinde ukwazi ukukhupha iinkcukacha zelo candelo lomfanekiso.

Kungenzeka ukuba kulungile ukuba amagqabantshintshi aqhushumbisiwe esibhakabhakeni sosapho lwakho elunxwemeni ngemini enelanga. Ayisiyonto intle kangako, ukuba amagqabantshintshi akhutshiwe kwaye aphulukane neenkcukacha kwisinxibo somtshato somtshakazi.

Endaweni yokuxhomekeka kokuqhwanyaza, ungasebenzisa kwakhona i-histogram yakho ukubona ngokukhawuleza ukuba akukho kunqunyulwa. Ukuba unemfumba enkulu yeepikseli ezinemibala ekhanyayo efumbe phezulu kwicala lasekunene le-histogram, inkcukacha kumagqabantshintshi akho ziya kusikwa, zikhutshelwe ngaphandle, kwaye zilahleke ngokupheleleyo.

 

Uthini ngombala?

Kude kube ngoku, besikhe saxoxa ngokuqaqamba kwembonakalo yembali. Kwangoko bendikucelile ukuba ucinge ukuba uthathe yonke ipikseli kumfanekiso wakho wedijithali kwaye wayilungiselela ukuba ibe ziimfumba, ezohlula ngobumnyama okanye ukukhanya kwazo. Imfumba yayiyindibaniselwano ye zonke imibala emfanekisweni wakho.

Iikhamera ezininzi zedijithali zikwabonelela ngeembali ezintathu zokubonisa inqanaba lombala kwisitishi ngasinye sombala weRGB (oBomvu, oluhlaza, noBlue). Kwaye-njengokuqaqamba kwe-histogram-i-Red, Green, okanye i-histogram ebomvu ibonisa umbala wokuqaqamba kombala ngamnye kumfanekiso.

Umzekelo, ukuba ujonga i-histogram ebomvu ibonisa ukuqaqamba kweepixels ezibomvu kuphela emfanekisweni. Ke ukuba unemfumba enkulu yeepikseli kwicala lasekhohlo le-Red histogram, oko kuthetha ukuba iipikseli ezibomvu zimnyama kwaye azibalulekanga emfanekisweni. Ukuba unemfumba enkulu yeepekseli kwicala lasekunene le-histogram ebomvu, iipikseli ezibomvu ziyaqaqamba kwaye ziyaxinana emfanekisweni, oko kuthetha ukuba umbala uya kuzaliswa kakhulu kwaye awuyi kuba nazinkcukacha.

Kutheni sifanele simkhathalele?

Masithi uthatha umfanekiso womntu onxibe ihempe ebomvu. Khawufane ucinge ukuba ihempe ebomvu ikhanya ngokuqaqambileyo. Ujonge i-histogram yokuqaqamba iyonke kwaye ayibonakali ngathi iveziwe. Emva koko ujonge i-histogram ebomvu kwaye ubone imfumba enkulu yeepikseli ezigcwele yonke indlela eya kwicala lasekunene legrafu. Uyazi ukuba umfanekiso uza kulahleka konke ukuthungwa kuyo nayiphi na into ebomvu kumfanekiso wakho. Ihempe ebomvu inokuphela ijongeka ngathi ibomvu enkulu kumfanekiso wakho, oko kuthetha ukuba nokuba wenza ntoni na kwiFotohop, ngekhe ubenakho ukutsala naziphi na iinkcukacha kuloo shirt ibomvu.

Ukujonga i-histogram yakho kuya kukunceda ubone ukuba ufuna ukulungisa useto lwakho ukugcina ihempe ingajongeka njengebhlogi enkulu ebomvu.

 

Isishwankathelo…

I-histogram-njengezinye iindawo ezininzi zokufota-ivumela nina ukumisela ukuba yintoni echanekileyo ngohlobo lomfanekiso ozama ukuwufaka. Ngexesha elizayo xa uthatha umfanekiso, jonga kwi-histogram yomfanekiso wakho ukubona ukuba unalo na igumbi lokwenza uhlengahlengiso kuseto lwakho ngelixa udubula. Iimbali zembali zikwaluncedo ekusetyenzisweni kweposi xa usebenzisa maleko ezahlukeneyo zohlengahlengiso.

UMaggie ngumbhali wobuchwephesha obuyayo ongumfoti ngasemva UMaggie Wendel Photography. Ngokusekwe kwiWake Forest, kwi-NC, uMaggie ugxile kwimifanekiso yeentsana ezisanda kuzalwa, iintsana kunye nabantwana.