Umhlahlandlela Womthwebuli Wezithombe Wokuqonda Imilando

Ukuboniswa kwezandla: bangaki manje abasebenzisa i-histogram ukulungisa masinyane isu lakho lokudubula ngesikhathi seseshini? Uma ucabanga “i-hist-o-ini, ”Ke lokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi kwakho! Ichaza okuyisisekelo nge-histogram bese iphendula imibuzo elandelayo:

• Yini i-histogram?
• Ngiyifunda kanjani i-histogram?
• Ngabe i-histogram efanele ibukeka kanjani?
• Kungani kufanele ngisebenzise i-histogram?

Yini i-histogram?

I-histogram igrafu ongayibuka ngemuva kwe-SLR yakho yedijithali. Yigrafu ebukeka ifana nobubanzi bezintaba.

Ngixolele ngenkathi ngigqekeza i-techno-mumbo-jumbo okwesikhashana lapha: i-histogram ikukhombisa amanani wokukhanya wawo wonke amaphikseli asesithombeni sakho.

Ngiyazi… ngiyazi. Lowo musho wokugcina awuzicacisi izinto, akunjalo?

Ake ngikuchaze ngenye indlela: cabanga ukuthi uthathe wonke amaphikseli esithombeni sakho sedijithali wawahlela aba yinqwaba, uwahlukanisa ngokobumnyama bawo noma ngokukhanya kwawo. Onke amaphikseli akho amnyama impela angangena enqwabeni eyodwa, amaphikseli akho amaphakathi ampunga aye kwenye inqwaba, futhi amaphikseli akho alula ngempela angangena kwenye futhi inqwaba. Uma unamaphikseli amaningi esithombeni sakho anombala ofanayo, inqwaba izoba nkulu impela.

Leyo grafu ebukeka njengobubanzi bezintaba ngemuva kwekhamera yakho — esizoyibiza ngokuthi yi i-histogram—Ukukhombisa lezo zinqwaba zamaphikseli. Ngokubheka i-histogram, unganquma ngokushesha ukuthi isibhamu osanda kusithatha ukuvezwa okulungile. Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde ukuthi kanjani.

Ngiyifunda kanjani i-histogram?

Uma kunesiqongo esikhulu ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwe-histogram — noma uma konke kuhlanganiswe phezulu ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwegridi — kusho ukuthi unenqwaba enkulu impela yamaphikseli amnyama. Ngamanye amagama, isithombe sakho kungenzeka ukuvezwa kancane. Uma i-histogram yesithombe sakho ibukeka njengesampula elandelayo, ungahle udinge ukukhulisa inani lokukhanya okushaya inzwa yakho ngokubambezela isivinini sakho se-shutter, uvule ukuvula kwakho, noma kokubili:

Uma kunesiqongo esikhulu ohlangothini lwesokunene lwe-histogram — noma uma konke kuhlanganiswe phezulu ngakwesokunene segridi — kusho ukuthi unenqwaba enkulu impela yamaphikseli amhlophe amhlophe noma alula. Uyiqagele: kungenzeka isithombe sakho sibe kuvezwe ngokweqile. Uma i-histogram yesithombe sakho ibukeka njengesampula elandelayo, kungadingeka ukuthi wehlise inani lokukhanya okushaya inzwa yakho ngokusheshisa isivinini sakho se-shutter, ukumisa ukuvula kwakho, noma kokubili:

Uma izinqwaba zakho zamaphikseli zisatshalaliswa kahle kulo lonke igridi ukusuka kwesobunxele kuye kwesokudla, futhi uma zingahlanganisiwe endaweni eyodwa, isithombe sakho ukuvezwa okulungile.

Ngabe i-histogram "elungile" ibukeka kanjani?

Ayikho into efana ne-histogram "efanele". Njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, igrafu ikukhombisa amanani wokukhanya wawo wonke amaphikseli asesithombeni sakho. Ngakho-ke ngenkathi ngishilo phambilini inqwaba enkulu yamaphikseli amnyama izikhwepha khombisa isithombe esingadalulwanga, it akusho njalo khombisa isithombe esingadalulwanga kahle. Ake sibheke isibonelo esingokoqobo. Thatha sengathi uthathe isithombe somuntu ophethe i-sparkler.

 

I-histogram yesithombe esedlule ibukeka kanjena:

Amaphikseli amaningi akulesi sithombe amnyama, okusho ukuthi i-histogram ibonisa ukuphakama ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwe-histogram. Inqwaba enkulu yamaphikseli amnyama? Uyabheja. Akuvezwanga kahle? Hhayi ngokubukeka okufiselekayo kwalesi sithombe esithile. Ukulinganiselwa okufanayo usebenzisa i-histogram kungenzeka ngosuku olukhanyayo, ikakhulukazi ngesimo esifana neqhwa.

 

Kungani kufanele ngisebenzise i-histogram?

Abanye benu kungenzeka ukuthi bacabanga ukuthi, “Kungani ngidinga ukuzihlupha nge-histogram? Ngabe angisho nje ngomqaphi we-LCD ngemuva kwesikrini uma ngivezwa kahle? ” Yebo, kwesinye isikhathi izimo zakho zokudubula azizinhle. Ukukhanya okukhanyayo noma ukukhanya okuncane kuzokwenza kube nzima ukubona ukubonwa kwesithonjana ngemuva. Futhi — mhlawumbe kumane yimi — kodwa wake wabheka isithombe ngemuva kwekhamera yakho wacabanga ukuthi usikhonkothele, kodwa bese uyasilayisha futhi asibukeki sishisa kakhulu kumqapha omkhulu?

Cha? Yimina nje lowo? Kulungile… qhubeka lapho.

Impela, ungakwenza lungisa ukuvezwa kusoftware yokuhlela isithombe, efana ne-Photoshop noma i-Elements. Kepha akukungcono yini ukuthatha isithombe kahle kukhamera? Ukuthwebula i-histogram yesithombe sakho ngenkathi ushutha kungakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi unendawo yokuthola ukuvezwa kwesithombe sakho ngenkathi ushutha.

 

Kuthiwani ngokusika nokuqhunyiswa kokuvelele?

Cha, lesi sigaba esilandelayo asiphathelene nezitayela zezinwele; Ikona namanje mayelana ne-histogram. Thembisa.

Abanye benu bangase babe nekhamera yakho esethiwe ukuze i-LCD ikubenyezele ukuze ikuxwayise uma ukubeke obala ngokweqile. Uma unalesi sici kukhamera yakho, angingabazi nakancane ukuthi okungenani kanye empilweni yakho wake wabheka emuva kwekhamera yakho wabona ukuthi isibhakabhaka esithombeni osanda kushutha sikukhanyisela kahle.

Kungani ikwenza lokho?!

Ikhamera yakho ingathatha kuphela imininingwane ebangeni elithile lamnyama kuya kumathoni akhanyayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ingxenye yesithombe sakho inethoni engaphandle kobubanzi ikhamera yakho engakwazi ukuyithatha, inzwa ngeke ikwazi ukuthwebula imininingwane kuleyo ngxenye yesithombe. Ukucwayiza kuzama ukukutshela, “Hheyi, bheka! Indawo ekhanyisa ngokuhlanyayo ku-LCD yakho ngeke ibe nemininingwane kuyo!"

Uma wake wathatha isithombe futhi isibhakabhaka sikucwayiza kakhulu, kungenxa yokuthi leyo ndawo yesithombe sakho ivezwe kakhulu kangangokuba inzwa isikwenze njengebhulogi elilodwa elikhulu lamaphikseli amhlophe aqinile. Ngamagama ezobuchwepheshe, lokhu kusho ukuthi amaphuzu avelele "asikiwe" noma "ashaywa." Ngamaqiniso angokoqobo, kusho ukuthi noma ngabe wenzani kwisoftware yakho yokuhlela isithombe, njenge-Photoshop, awusoze wakwazi ukukhipha imininingwane kusuka kuleyo ngxenye yesithombe.

Cishe kulungile uma okuvelele kushaywa esibhakabhakeni somfanekiso womndeni wakho olwandle ngosuku olubalele. Akukuhle kangako, uma okuvelele kuphephuka futhi kulahlekelwe imininingwane ngengubo yomshado kamakoti.

Esikhundleni sokuncika ekukhanyeni, ungasebenzisa futhi i-histogram yakho ukubona ngokushesha ukuthi kukhona yini ukunqunywa. Uma unenqwaba enkulu yamaphikseli anemibala ekhanyayo enqwabelene phezulu ohlangothini lwesokunene lwe-histogram, imininingwane ekuvelele kwakho izosikwa, ikhishwe, futhi ilahleke ngokuphelele.

 

Kuthiwani ngombala?

Kuze kube manje, besikhuluma nge-histogram yokukhanya. Phambilini bengikucelile ukuthi ucabange ukuthi uthathe wonke amaphikseli esithombeni sakho sedijithali wawahlela aba yinqwaba, uwahlukanisa ngokobumnyama bawo noma ngokukhanya kwawo. Izinqwaba zaziyinhlanganisela ye- konke imibala esithombeni sakho.

Amakhamera amaningi edijithali ahlinzeka ngama-histograms amathathu ukukubonisa ileveli yombala kusiteshi ngasinye sombala we-RGB (Red, Green, and Blue). Futhi — njenge-histogram yokukhanya — i-histogram ebomvu, eluhlaza, noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ikukhombisa izinga lokukhanya kombala ngamunye esithombeni.

Isibonelo, uma ubheka i-Red histogram ikukhombisa ukugqama kwamaphikseli abomvu kuphela esithombeni. Ngakho-ke uma unenqwaba enkulu yamaphikseli ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwe-Red histogram, kusho ukuthi amaphikseli abomvu amnyama futhi awagqamile esithombeni. Uma unenqwaba enkulu yamaphikseli ngakwesokunene se-Red histogram, amaphikseli abomvu ayakhanya futhi aqine esithombeni, okusho ukuthi umbala uzogcwala kakhulu futhi ngeke ube nemininingwane.

Kungani kufanele sinakekele?

Ake sithi uthatha isithombe somuntu ogqoke ihembe elibomvu. Cabanga ukuthi ihembe elibomvu likhanyiswe ngokugqamile. Ubheka i-histogram yokugqama isiyonke futhi akubonakali sengathi ivezwe ngokweqile. Ngemuva kwalokho ubheka i-Red histogram bese ubona inqwaba enkulu yamaphikseli enqwabelene kuze kube kwesokudla segrafu. Uzokwazi ukuthi isithombe sizolahlekelwa yikho konke ukuthungwa kunoma yini ebomvu esithombeni sakho. Lelihembe elibomvu lingagcina selibukeka njengebhulogi elibomvu elikhulu esithombeni sakho, okusho ukuthi noma ngabe wenzani ku-Photoshop, ngeke ukwazi ukudonsa imininingwane kulelohembe elibomvu.

Ukubheka i-histogram yakho kuzokusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi ngabe udinga ukulungisa izilungiselelo zakho ukugcina ihembe lingabonakali njengebhulogi elibomvu elikhulu.

 

Ngokufigqiwe…

I-histogram — njengezinye izindawo eziningi ezithwebula izithombe — iyakuvumela lokho wena ukunquma okulungile ngohlobo lwesithombe ozama ukusithwebula. Ngokuzayo lapho uthatha isithombe, bheka i-histogram yesithombe sakho ukuze ubone ukuthi unalo yini igumbi lokwenza ushintsho kuzilungiselelo zakho ngenkathi ushutha. Ama-Histograms nawo ayasebenziseka ekusebenzeni kweposi lapho usebenzisa izingqimba zokulungiswa ezahlukahlukene.

UMaggie ngumbhali wezobuchwepheshe olulamayo ongumthwebuli wezithombe ngemuva UMaggie Wendel Photography. Isekelwe eWake Forest, eNC, uMaggie ugxile emifanekisweni yezingane ezisanda kuzalwa, izinsana nezingane.