Ungakuthola Kanjani Ukugxila Okuphelele Njalo

Noma ngabe ungumuntu othanda ukuzilibazisa noma onguchwepheshe, ukuthola ukugxila okuphelele kwezithombe zakho kungenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuthwebula izithombe. Kuningi okumele ukwazi ngokuthola izithombe ezibukhali noma kunjalo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuyadida ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele ugxile kuyo (i-pun ehloselwe… ha ha) uma izithombe zakho zingabonakali zibukhali noma zigxile. Lokhu okuthunyelwe kuzokunikeza ukuqonda okungcono kokuthi ukugxila kusebenza kanjani nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze uthuthukise ukugxila ezithombeni zakho.

Okokuqala, izinto eziyisisekelo.

I-Autofocus vs. ukugxila okwenziwa ngesandla.

Ama-DSLR esimanje wonke anekhono lokugxila kwe-autofocus. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bazokhetha ngokuzenzakalela iphuzu elithile noma indawo ekhethwe nguwe noma ikhamera. Izinhlelo ze-autofocus kuma-DSLR ziya ngokuthuthuka kakhulu futhi zinembe impela. Amakhamera amaningi anezinjini zokugxila ze-autofocus eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kwekhamera. Kodwa-ke, ezinye azinazo, futhi zidinga ukuthi ilensi inezimoto okugxilwa kuzo ukuze i-autofocus. Qiniseka ukuthi uyaqonda ukuthi ngabe ama-autofocuses wakho wekhamera ngomzimba noma ngamalensi ukuze wazi ukuthi yimaphi amalensi afanele ikhamera yakho uma ufuna ukwazi ukugxila kwi-autofocus.

Noma ama-DSLR anezinhlelo ezinhle kakhulu ze-autofocus, usakwazi ukulungisa amalensi akho ngesandla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ulawula ukugxila kwelensi kuqhathaniswa nekhamera egxila kulensi. Qaphela ukuthi ukugxila kwezandla kuyi hhayi kufana nokudubula kwimodi yesandla. Ungadubula ngemodi yesandla bese usebenzisa i-autofocus. Ungaphinda udubule ngamamodi ngaphandle kwebhukwana futhi ngesandla ugxilise ilensi yakho. Ukushintsha i-lens kusuka ku-auto kuya ku-manual kulula. Cishe njalo kwenziwa ngokushintsha okuncane emzimbeni welensi, imvamisa kukhombisa i- "AF" ne- "MF", njengoba kuvezwe ngezansi. Kunamanye amalensi avumela ngisho nokuthi uzenzele kahle ngesandla ngenkathi ilensi isethwe ku-autofocus; lokhu kubizwa nge-autofocus override. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi ilensi yakho ingakwenza lokhu, hlola imininingwane yayo.

Ngabe kufanele ngisebenzise ukugxila okwenziwa ngesandla?

Lo ngumbuzo omuhle. Izinhlelo ze-Autofocus zinhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele ukhethe nini ukwenza izinto ngesandla? Ngokwengxenye enkulu, i-autofocus yindlela okufanele uhambe ngayo. Kuyashesha futhi kunembile. Futhi, izikrini zesimanje zokugxila ze-DSLR azakhelwanga ukuphatha imanuwali egxila njengezikrini zokugxila kumakhamera amadala agxila kumanyuwali. Kunzima kakhulu ukugxila kuma-DSLRs ngesandla ezindaweni eziningi ngoba izikrini zabo zokugxila azenzelwanga le njongo. Lokho kusho, kunezikhathi lapho uzofuna noma uzodinga ukusebenzisa ukugxila okwenziwa ngesandla. Amanye amalensi agxila kwimanuwali kuphela, ngakho-ke ukukhetha kwakho kuphela kuzoba ukugxila ngesandla kulensi enjalo. Kunamalensi esimanje agxila ezincwadini kuphela futhi kukhona namalensi amadala angafakwa kumakhamera wesimanjemanje azodinga ukugxilwa ngesandla. Esinye isimo lapho ukugxila okwenziwa ngesandla kusiza kakhulu ukudubula imacro.  Izithombe ze-Macro kuyisiyalo esiqondile futhi izithombe zivame ukuba nokujula okuncane kakhulu kwenkundla. Lokhu kwesinye isikhathi kungadida uhlelo lwe-autofocus, noma i-autofocus ingahle ingangeni ngqo lapho ufuna khona, ngakho-ke ungangcono ngokugxila ngesandla ukuze uthole isibhamu osifunayo ngokugxila lapho ufuna khona.

Kunamaphuzu amaningi okugxila. Kufanele ngiyisebenzise kanjani?

I-DSLR yakho inamaphuzu amaningi okugxila. Mhlawumbe ngisho nokuningi! Into ebaluleke kakhulu uku zisebenzise zonke. Hhayi ngasikhathi sinye, kepha kufanele uthembele kuwo wonke amaphuzu wakho wokugxila ukuze uthole ukugxila okuphelele… ngakho-ke kusebenzise!

Ngakho-ke yiziphi izindlela ezinhle zokuzisebenzisa?

Ngaphezu kwakho konke, khetha amaphuzu akho okugxila. Ungavumeli ikhamera ikukhethele yona! Ngiyaphinda, khetha iphuzu lakho lokugxila! Lapho ikhamera ikukhethela iphuzu lakho lokugxila, umane uqagela nje ukuthi icabanga ukuthi ukugxila kufanele kube kuphi. Okuthile esithombeni kuzogxilwa… .kodwa kungenzeka kungabi yilokho okufunayo. Bheka izibonelo ezingezansi. Kulesi sithombe sokuqala, ngikhethe iphuzu lami elilodwa lokugxila ukuze i-lily izogxila.

Manje bheka isithombe esilandelayo. Konke esithombeni esilandelayo kuyefana nokwokuqala: ilensi, izilungiselelo, isikhundla sami. Ukuphela kwento engiyishintshile ukuthi ngishintshe ukukhetha kwephoyinti lokugxila kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya ekubeni ikhamera ikhethe iphuzu lokugxila kulo. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, i-lily yami ehlosiwe ayisagxili kepha imbali ebheke phakathi manje isiyindawo okugxilwa kuyo. Yilokhu ikhamera ekhethe ngokungahleliwe.

Kufanele ngisebenzise iphuzu elilodwa? Amaphuzu amaningi? Ngididekile kakhulu!

Angikusoli. Kwesinye isikhathi kunesibalo esikhulu samaphuzu wokugxila kumakhamera ethu, futhi kunzima ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi ongayikhetha. Amanye amakhamera anokulungiswa kwamaphoyinti okugxila okuncane kunamanye, kepha iningi lawo linamandla okungenani okukwazi khetha iphuzu elilodwa kanye neqembu elithile elikhudlwana lamaphuzu. Ukugxila kwephuzu elilodwa kungasetshenziselwa izinhlobo eziningi zezithombe. Kuyinkosi ngemidwebo. Beka iphuzu lokugxila esweni lesifundo esisodwa, noma gxila ku-1/3 indlela eqenjini labantu abanephuzu elilodwa. Yisebenzisele ukwakheka kwezwe futhi ubeke ukugxila kwakho lapho ufuna khona. Ungayisebenzisela nemidlalo uma ulungile ekulandeleni izifundo. Qaphela ukuthi lapho usebenzisa ukugxila kwephuzu elilodwa, kungaba yiliphi iphuzu elilodwa, hhayi iphoyinti lesikhungo. Ukusebenzisa amaphuzu amaningi kungasiza lapho kudutshulwa ezemidlalo ngezihloko ezihamba ngokushesha ezikude kakhulu futhi okunzima ukuzilandelela nokuzigcina ngaphansi kwephuzu elilodwa. Uma ikhamera yakho inohlelo lwe-autofocus oluthuthuke kakhulu ungahle ube nezinketho eziningi uma kukhulunywa ngokusebenzisa iphuzu lokugxila elingaphezu kwelilodwa ngasikhathi. Zinike isikhathi sokuqonda ukuthi yini eyenziwa yilowo nalowo ukuze uzisebenzise ngokugcwele. Ukugxila kwamaphoyinti amaningi akuyona into eyodwa ongayisebenzisa lapho ushutha izithombe ezizimele noma zeqembu. Kepha uma uthatha isithombe sohlobo oluthile usebenzisa le modi, gcina lokhu engqondweni: kunezikhathi lapho unamaphoyinti amaningi anikwe amandla okubukeka sengathi kunamaphuzu okugxila ebusweni babantu abaningana. Lokhu akusho ukuthi umuntu ngamunye uzogxila. Noma ikhamera ibonisa amaphuzu amaningi wokugxila, empeleni ikhetha elilodwa lalawo maphuzu, iphuzu elinokugqama okubonakalayo, ukugxila kulo. Qiniseka ukuthi ukujula kwensimu yakho kubanzi ngokwanele ukulingana neqembu lakho lonke.

Ziyini izindlela ze-autofocus drive?

Lezi zindlela zilawula ukuthi imoto yokugxila kulensi / ikhamera isebenza kanjani. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwekhamera yakho, izindlela zizoba namagama ahlukile. Imodi yokudubula okukodwa / imodi ye-AF-S isho ukuthi imoto yokugxila iza kanye kuphela lapho usebenzisa inkinobho yakho yokushutha noma inkinobho yokubuyela emuva ukugxila. Aligijimi. I-Focus ikule ndawo eyodwa kuze kube yilapho ikhamera iphinda ibheka kabusha ngokunye ukucindezela kwesigamu kwenkinobho yokushutha noma ukucindezela inkinobho yokubuyela emuva. Le modi ilungele ama-portraits namathafa. Imodi ye-AI Servo / AF-C isho ukuthi imoto yokugxila iyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngenkathi ukugxila kulandelwa kusihloko esihambayo. Kule modi, inkinobho ye-shutter noma inkinobho yangemuva igcinwa icindezelwe ngenkathi kulandelwa isihloko ukuze kugcinwe imoto yokugxila isebenza. Le modi yinhle kunoma yisiphi isihloko esihambayo (ezemidlalo, izilwane, izingane ezisendleleni). Ayisetshenziselwa imidwebo.

Yini ukuguqula amaphuzu ami okugxila kuwo? Kuthiwani ngokugxila bese ubuyisela kabusha?

Ukuguqula amaphuzu akho okugxila kusho ukuthi ukhetha iphuzu lakho lokugxila ngokwakho futhi uyahamba, noma "ukuguqula" lelo phuzu uze uzikhethele iphuzu elingaphezu kwendawo okuhlosiwe kuyo. Amakhamera anamuhla enzelwe ukuguquguqula! Kunamaphuzu amaningi okugxila kuwo… uwasebenzise! Guqula kude!

Gxila futhi ubuyisele kuyindlela lapho ukhiya ugxile esihlokweni (imvamisa, kepha hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi, usebenzisa iphoyinti lesikhungo), bese ugcine inkinobho yokushutha icindezelwe uhhafu ngenkathi ubuyisela isibhamu ukubeka izihloko lapho ufisa khona. Ngemuva kwalokho uthatha isithombe. Ngokwethiyori, ukugxila kufanele kuhlala kukhiyiwe lapho ububeke khona ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela kwesinye isikhathi ingaba yinkinga, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa izindawo ezivulekile ezinamabhanoyi amancane kakhulu. Ukugxila kusendizeni… cabanga ngocezu lwengilazi olwehla lukhuphuke luye phezulu lubhekane nohlangothi olungenamkhawulo, kepha ubukhulu balo buxhomeke ezicini eziningana, kufaka phakathi ukuvula. Lapho imbobo yakho ivulekile kakhulu, leyo "ngcezu yengilazi" incane kakhulu. Ukuphinda wenze kabusha kungadala ukuthi indiza egxile ekushintsheni (cabanga ngokuhambisa leyo ngcezu yengilazi encane), futhi lokho kungadala ukuthi iphuzu lakho lokugxila elihlosiwe ligudluke. Zombili lezi zithombe ezingezansi zithathwe ngezilungiselelo ezifanayo. Ubude bokugxila kwakungu-85mm, futhi ukuvula kwakuyi-1.4. Isibhamu sokuqala sithathwe ngokuguqula iphuzu lami lokugxila esweni lesifundo sami. Amehlo akhe abheke kahle. Esithombeni sesibili, ngigxile futhi ngaphinde ngabuyiselwa. Kuleso sithombe, amashiya akhe agxile kakhulu kodwa amehlo akhe ajiyile. Indiza engangigxile kuyo, ezacile ngo-1.4, yashintshwa lapho ngilulama.

Kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukugxila nokubuyisela kabusha. Ngezinye izikhathi ngithatha izithombe lapho isihloko sami singaphandle kwebanga lokuthi amaphuzu okugxila ekhamera yami afinyelela khona. Ngakho-ke, ngizogxila futhi ngibuyisele kulezo zimo. Uma wenza kanjalo, kumane nje kubalulekile ukuzama kanzima ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ungahambisi indiza yakho egxile kuyo, futhi uma kungenzeka, sebenzisa ukuvula okuncane okuzolekelela.

Izithombe zami azigxili. Kumele ngenzeni?

Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani izithombe zakho zingagxili. Zama ukuxazulula inkinga usebenzisa uhlu olulandelayo:

• Your ukujula kwensimu ngokuvula oyisebenzisayo mncane kakhulu ukuthola yonke into obuyifuna igxile.
• Ikhamera yakho ikhetha iphuzu lakho lokugxila futhi ayilibeki lapho ufuna khona.
• Uzama ukugxila kokuthile okusondele kunebanga lokugxila lelensi yakho (onke amalensi anebanga lokugxila elincane. Ngokuvamile, ngaphandle kwamalensi amakhulu, ibanga lokugxila lide, ukude nebanga elincane lokugxila. Amanye amalensi analo kumakwe emgqonyeni welensi. Uma kungenjalo, ungabheka ku-inthanethi noma kumanuwali yelensi yakho ukuthola lolu lwazi.)
• Your isivinini se-shutter sihamba kancane kakhulu, kubangela ukufiphala kokunyakaza
• Ubudubula ngokukhanya okuphansi kakhulu futhi bekunzima ukuthi ikhamera yakho ikhiye ukugxila.
• Ungaba nemodi yedrayivu ye-autofocus esethwe ngokungalungile (isb. Ukusebenzisa isibhamu esisodwa esihlokweni esihambayo, noma ukusebenzisa iServo / ukugxila okuqhubekayo kusihloko esimile. Kokubili lokhu kungadala ukufiphala.)
• Udubula ku-tripod futhi uvule i-IS / VR. Lo msebenzi kufanele ucishwe lapho ilensi ikuthathu.
• Ilensi yakho inenkinga yangempela ye-autofocus. Imvamisa lokhu kuyinkinga nje encane lapho ilensi igxila kancane ngaphambili noma emuva kwalapho ongathanda ukuthi igxile khona. Ukuhlola ukuthi ilensi yini, kufanele ubeke ilensi yakho ku-tripod bese uthatha izithombe zento efana nerula ukubona ukuthi ukugxila kwakho kuwela lapho uhlose khona. Ungathola futhi amashadi ku-inthanethi ukuhlola ukugxila. Uma uthola ukuthi ukugxila kwelensi yakho kuvaliwe, ungazilungisa ngokwakho uma ikhamera yakho ine-autofocus microadjustment noma izinketho zokuhleleka kahle. Uma ikhamera yakho ingenayo le nketho, kuzodingeka ukuthi uthumele ikhamera kumkhiqizi noma uyilethe esitolo sekhamera ukuze kwenziwe ukulungiswa. Uma inkinga ukuthi i-autofocus esekhamera yonakele noma yephukile, lokhu kuzodinga ukulungiswa ngumkhiqizi noma indawo yokulungisa amakhamera futhi ngeke ikwazi ukulungiswa ngokulungiswa okuncane.

Manje phuma lapho bese uthola lezo zithombe ezibukhali obukade uzifuna!

U-Amy Short ungumthwebuli wezithombe zobumama nowomama ovela eWakefield, eRI. Ungamthola ku- www.samami.lcom futhi on Facebook. Lokhu okuthunyelwe kuprintwe kabusha kokugxilwe kwethu okuthandwayo esikhathini esidlule - besifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abafundi bethu abasha banethuba lokuthola lolu lwazi oluhle.