Usebenza Kanjani Umthetho Wamalungelo Abathwebuli Bezithombe nama-Blogger

Uma u Ngilandele kuFacebook, uyazi ukuthi umthetho we-copyright uthinta i- abathwebuli zithombe nama-blogger ngokufanayo. Sihlonipheke kakhulu ngokuthi sibe ne-Photolaw.net njengesivakashi namuhla - lolu lwazi luzosiza abathwebuli zithombe nama-blogger ngokufanayo.

Lo mbhalo ubhalwe yezenzo ze-MCP kuphela. Uyacelwa ukuthi uxhume kokuthunyelwe kepha ungakopishi izinto ezingezansi.

Uma othile ephula i-copyright yakho noma isusa i-watermark yakho esithombeni, ungafunda kabanzi ngalokho okufanele ukwenze lapha.

COPYRIGHT UMTHETHO KANYE UKUSETSHENZISWA ONLINE

© 2011 u-Andrew D. Epstein, u-Esq. noBeth Wolfson, u-Esq., uBarker Epstein noLoscocco,

10 Winthrop Square, Boston, MA 02110; (617) 482-4900; www.Photolaw.net.

Abathwebuli bezithombe bangazivikela kanjani izithombe zabo ekuphulweni kwe-copyright online, futhi ama-blogger angaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi awaphuli amalungelo obunikazi womunye umuntu?

Yini i-copyright?

Ilungelo lobunikazi linikeza abathwebuli zithombe, abadwebi, ababhali, abaculi, abadwebi bomdanso nabadwebi ilungelo elikhethekile lokusebenzisa nokukhiqiza imisebenzi yabo. Empeleni, yonke imisebenzi yasekuqaleni ingaba nelungelo lobunikazi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izithombe, imisebenzi yobuciko, ukubaza, imibhalo, umculo kanye nesoftware yekhompyutha. Cishe yonke imisebenzi eyenziwe noma eshicilelwe okokuqala ngemuva kukaJanuwari 1, 1978 ivikelwe yi-copyright. Imisebenzi eminingi eyenziwe ngaphambi kuka-1978 nayo iyavikelwa.

The Umthetho we-copyright ngumthetho wesifundazwe, hhayi umthetho wezwe. Ngenxa yalokho, umthetho uyafana kulo lonke elase-United States. Futhi, njengoba i-United States isayine izivumelwano zamalungelo obunikazi zamazwe omhlaba, ukuvikelwa kwe-copyright kuyasebenza emhlabeni wonke.

I-copyright inika umdali noma umbhali womsebenzi amandla okuphatha umsebenzi. Umnikazi we-copyright unelungelo elikhethekile lokulawula ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe ungasetshenziswa noma ukopishwe kangaki, kanjani, kanjani futhi kangaki.

Ngokuvamile, abanikazi be-copyright banelungelo elikhethekile lokusebenzisa nokukopisha imisebenzi yabo. Abanikazi be-copyright nabo bangagunyaza abanye ukuthi basebenzise imisebenzi yabo. Ukusetshenziswa noma ukukopishwa kwanoma yimuphi umsebenzi ngaphandle kwemvume evela kumnikazi we-copyright kuwukwephula umthetho we-copyright wase-United States.

I-copyright akulona ilungelo elilodwa, njengoba igama lingasikisela, kepha liyinqwaba yamalungelo. Noma iyiphi ingxenye yenqwaba ingagcinwa noma ithengiswe, iqashiswe noma inikezwe, kungaba ngawodwana noma ngamaqembu. Amandla okulahla noma iyiphi ingxenye yenqwaba yamalungelo agodliwe kuphela umnikazi we-copyright.

Isibonelo, uma inkampani igunyaziwe ukusebenzisa isithombe esithile encwajaneni, incwajana kuphela kwendawo isithombe esingasetshenziswa kuyo. Ukusetshenziswa kwesithombe esikhangisweni sephephandaba ngaphandle kwemvume kungaba ukwephulwa kwamalungelo akhethekile omnikazi we-copyright. Ngokufanayo, uma umuntu egunyaziwe ukusebenzisa umfanekiso ngezinjongo zokukhangisa unyaka owodwa kuphela, umfanekiso awunakusetshenziswa isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka ngaphandle kwemvume.

Ngingayisebenzisa kanjani i-copyright isithombe sami?

Ilungelo lobunikazi livela okwamanje lapho kudalwa umsebenzi. Ngesithombe, ilungelo lobunikazi lenziwa okwamanje isithombe sakhiwa. Uma isithombe sithathwa ngekhamera yedijithali noma ngomakhalekhukhwini, i-copyright ivela ngesikhathi isithombe sigcinwa kwimemori. Inqobo nje uma umsebenzi ukhona ngendlela ebonakalayo noma ungaqondakala noma uphinde wenziwe ngosizo lomshini, unamalungelo obunikazi.

Awudingi ukufaka noma yimaphi amaphepha ukuze uthole ilungelo lobunikazi. I-copyright ivikeleka ngokuzenzakalela lapho umsebenzi wenziwa. Lo mqondo uvame ukuqondwa kabi. Abanye abantu basakholelwa ukuthi kunemisebenzi edingekayo ukuze kwenziwe ilungelo lobunikazi. Lokhu akulona iqiniso. Kusukela ngo-1978, akukho ukushicilelwa noma ukubhaliswa ne- I-Copyright Office yeLabhulali yeCongress iyadingeka ukuze kuvikelwe ukuvikelwa okugcwele kwe-copyright. Lapho umsebenzi wenziwa, kunjalo ngokuzenzakalelayo i-copyright.

Yize i-copyright idalwa ngokuzenzakalela lapho kwenziwa umsebenzi, kunenqubo yokubhalisa i-copyright neLabhulali yeCongress. Khumbula, ukubhaliswa akudingeki ukuvikelwa kwe-copyright.

Kunemihlomulo emithathu ngokubhalisa i-copyright. Okokuqala, ukubhaliswa kudala irekhodi lomphakathi le-copyright. Okwesibili, ukubhaliswa kwelungelo lobunikazi kuyadingeka ukuze kufakwe isimangalo sokwephulwa kwe-copyright. Okwesithathu, uma ilungelo lobunikazi libhalisiwe ngaphambi kokuphulwa komthetho noma kungakapheli izinyanga ezintathu kushicilelwe umsebenzi, umnikazi welungelo lobunikazi angafuna ezinye izindlela zokulimaza kanye nezimali zommeli. Lokhu okunye ukulimala kubizwa ngomonakalo osemthethweni futhi unganikezwa ngemali efinyelela ku- $ 150,000 ngokwephula umthetho ngamabomu. Inqubo yokubhalisa uqobo, ayiguquli iqiniso lokuthi umnikazi welungelo lobunikazi uhlale enelungelo lokuthola umonakalo wakhe wangempela kanye nenzuzo etholwe ngumuntu owephule umthetho. Kodwa-ke, isiphakamiso sokuthi kukhona izindleko zomthetho nezimali zommeli zingasebenza njengesikhuthazo sokuxazululwa okusheshayo kwesimangalo sokwephulwa kwe-copyright.

Umthwebuli zithombe kufanele abhalise izithombe zakhe zephothifoliyo nayo yonke eminye imisebenzi ebalulekile noma ebalulekile. I- Ihhovisi Lamalungelo Okushicilela wenze inqubekela phambili ebonakalayo eminyakeni yamuva nje ukwenza lula inqubo yokubhaliswa kwamaqembu kwamalungelo obunikazi. Izinqubo zichazwe kuwebhusayithi ye-Copyright Office ku www.Copyright.gov.

Yiziphi ezinye izivikelo engingazisebenzisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izithombe zami azephuliwe?

Kungumqondo omuhle ukusebenzisa ama-watermark, ukubethela, i-meta-data, noma ezinye izindlela zedijithali ukwenza kube nzima ngomuntu ongaphula umthetho ukukopisha izithombe kusuka kuwebhusayithi yomthwebuli wezithombe. Sikweluleka namakhasimende ethu ukuthi asebenzise i- i-copyright notation, njenge "©," nosuku okwenziwa ngalo umsebenzi negama lomthwebuli wezithombe, njengesikhumbuzo sokuthi umsebenzi uvikelwe umthetho. Futhi, ukubhala nge-copyright kungasebenza njengesithiyo sabanye abaphula umthetho.  Ukususa imininingwane yokubethela noma izaziso ze-copyright akukho emthethweni ngaphansi kwe-Digital Millennium Copyright Act futhi kukhona umonakalo omkhulu osuswayo wokususa imininingwane ye-copyright emisebenzini, noma ngabe imisebenzi ibhalisiwe ne-Copyright Office.

Kuyini ukwephulwa kwe-copyright?

Ukusetshenziswa okungagunyaziwe komsebenzi one-copyright kubizwa ngokwephula umthetho. Umthetho we-Copyright wenzelwe ukuthi ubhekane nakho konke ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, umfanekiso noma isithombe kufanele sinikezwe ilayisensi yokusetshenziswa kwi-intanethi. Ngokufanayo, umfanekiso noma isithombe esisuswe kwi-inthanethi ngaphandle kwemvume kuphula umthetho ngokungathi isithombe esifanayo sithathwe kumagazini futhi sasetshenziswa ngaphandle kwemvume. Ukukhiqizwa kabusha okungagunyaziwe komsebenzi one-copyright noma ngabe kususwe kwi-inthanethi kusengukwephula umthetho, noma ngabe isithombe singenayo i-watermark noma sibonga umthwebuli wezithombe njengombhali womsebenzi. Umthetho we-Copyright uhlinzeka ngezinhlawulo ezinzima lokwephula imisebenzi enamalungelo obunikazi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, izinhlawulo zingafaka ukulimala kwemali, yonke inzuzo etholwe ngumuntu owephule umthetho ngokusetshenziswa okungagunyaziwe komsebenzi one-copyright nezimali zommeli. Inkantolo ingabuye ikhiphe umyalelo wokuthi kubhujiswe wonke amakhophi aphula umthetho.

Ama-blogger angazivikela kanjani kwizimangalo zokwephulwa kwe-copyright?

Into ephephe kunazo zonke ongayenza ukucabanga ukuthi yonke imisebenzi ekwi-Intanethi ivikelwe yi-copyright nokuthi awukho umsebenzi ongasetshenziswa noma owenziwe kabusha ngaphandle kwemvume.

Indlela engcono yokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-blogger ayephuli i-copyright yomunye umuntu ukucela ilayisense, okusho imvume, kumthwebuli zithombe. Ilayisensi ingaba ngomlomo noma ibhalwe. Ngokusobala, ukusetshenziswa kwesivumelwano selayisense esibhalwe ngokucacile kuzogwema ukudideka. Ukubhala akudingeki ukuthi kuchazwe kabanzi ukuze kusebenze. Incwadi elula, i-invoyisi noma i-imeyili imvamisa yanele. Ngokuphindaphindiwe, umthwebuli zithombe uvame ukucela ukuthi i-blogger inikeze umthwebuli zithombe isikweletu kuwebhusayithi njengombhali wesithombe. Umthwebuli wezithombe angahle futhi acele imali encane yokuthola amalayisense ku-blogger, kepha kwesinye isikhathi umthwebuli zithombe angavele akujabulele ukwaziswa kwamahhala.

Enye indlela i-blogger engenza ngayo isiqiniseko sokuthi izithombe abazisebenzisa kuwebhusayithi yabo azephuli ilungelo lobunikazi lomunye umuntu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi usebenzisa kuphela izithombe ezisendaweni yomphakathi. Isithombe sise- "domain yomphakathi”Uma ingasavikelwe i-copyright noma yehlulekile ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko zokuvikelwa kwe-copyright. Imisebenzi esizindeni somphakathi ingasetshenziswa ngokukhululeka ngaphandle kwemvume yomnikazi we-copyright wangaphambili. Kodwa-ke, kuvame ukuba nzima ukwazi ukuthi yini esebenzayo kusizinda somphakathi, futhi awukwazi ukucabanga ukuthi umsebenzi usezindaweni zomphakathi ngoba nje wenziwa ngaphambi kuka-1923 noma ngenxa yokuthi awukwazi ukuthola igama lomthwebuli wezithombe.

Ekugcineni, i-blogger ingahlala isebenzisa umqondo wokuthi "ukusetshenziswa okulungile" njengesivikelo kusimangalo sokwephulwa kwe-copyright. Ukusetshenziswa okulungile kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezinamalungelo obunikazi ngezinhloso ezithile. I-blogger ingasebenzisa izinto ezine-copyright uma ngandlela thile isebenzisa lo msebenzi “ngoguquko”. Isibonelo, iphephandaba lingashicilela imisebenzi ene-copyright ngenhloso yokubika izindaba futhi uthisha angenza amakhophi amaningi emisebenzi ethile yokusetshenziswa kwasekilasini ngaphandle kokufaka engozini yokwephulwa komthetho. I-parody kungenye indlela yokusetshenziswa okufanele. Ku-parody, umculi, ngomphumela othile wamahlaya noma ukuphawula komphakathi, angalingisa eduze umsebenzi womunye umculi, inqobo nje uma umsebenzi omusha uhlekisa noma uphawula ngesitayela noma ukubonakaliswa koqobo. Ukuze unqume ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kulungile yini noma kungukwephula umthetho, umuntu kufanele anqume ukuthi ungakanani umsebenzi one-copyright osetshenzisiwe kanye nomthelela lokhu ukusetshenziswa okuzoba nawo emakethe engaba khona yomsebenzi one-copyright. Uma kusetshenziswa izingxenye ezinkulu zomsebenzi one-copyright noma uma izifundo zisebenzisa imakethe engaba khona yomsebenzi, kuzoba nokuphulwa. Ngoba ukuvikela ukusetshenziswa okulungile kuhilela ukulinganiswa kwezici, akunikezi umthetho ocacile. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuba sohlangothini oluphephile, futhi usebenzise umsebenzi omncane ngangokunokwenzeka ukuthola iphuzu lakho. Isithonjana singahle sanele izinhloso zakho, kunokuba isithombe esigcwele usayizi ophakeme. Ngenye indlela, ungahlinzeka ngesixhumanisi esiya kuwebhusayithi yomthwebuli wezithombe, kunokuba ufake isithombe.